Skin texture (the way it feels to the touch) can be affected by scars, bumps, acne, dryness, fine lines, and wrinkles. Factors that influence changes in skin texture include sun exposure, genetics, age, and overall health.
Fortunately, lifestyle changes, at-home treatments, and prescription medications can help improve the texture. Exfoliation, retinol, and chemical peels are proven ways to smooth and brighten skin.
1. Exfoliate
Skin exfoliation is the process of removing dead cells from the skin's surface. A common cause of uneven skin texture is a buildup of dead skin cells, which can cause a dry, dull, and bumpy appearance.
It is crucial to exfoliate safely to avoid damaging the skin. Exfoliating may lead to irritation.
The two types of exfoliation are:
- Mechanical exfoliation is the process of physically removing dead skin cells using a tool, such as a brush, sponge, or facial scrub. Use caution, as exfoliating facial scrubs can be very harsh on the skin and cause tearing.
- Chemical exfoliation involves using medications such as alpha hydroxy acids (such as glycolic and lactic acid) to dissolve dead skin cells.
Exfoliate your skin about once or twice a week for optimal results. Never exfoliate skin that is irritated, sunburned, or damaged. Always moisturize your skin after exfoliating to prevent irritation and dryness.
2. Moisturize
Dry skin often appears dull and flaky. It can also be uncomfortable and feel itchy, tight, or irritated. Keeping your skin well-hydrated is a proven way to improve texture.
Depending on your skin type, plan to apply a gentle moisturizer once or twice daily. People with dry skin will likely benefit from twice-daily moisturizing. If your skin tends to be oily, start with an oil-free moisturizer once a day.
Select a moisturizer that contains effective ingredients, such as ceramides or hyaluronic acid. These components attract and retain water in the skin. They also protect the skin’s barrier, and they help skin appear soft and moisturized.
3. Wear Sunscreen
Sun damage is a common cause of changes to skin texture. Wearing sunscreen regularly protects your skin from ultraviolet (UV) ray damage and helps prevent collagen breakdown. Collagen is a protein that gives the skin its firmness. When collagen breaks down, the skin is less resilient and shows signs of aging more.
Wear sunscreen every day, regardless of the weather. Your skin is exposed to UV rays both on cold, cloudy days and sunny ones. Pick a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 30.
4. Stay Hydrated
Hydrated skin is healthy-looking skin. Drinking enough water each day gives your skin cells the moisture they need to repair themselves and function well. Keep a water bottle with you, and aim to drink at least eight glasses each day.
5. Focus on a Healthy Diet
A nutrient-dense diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins is essential for healthy skin. Avoid calorie-dense foods that may contribute to skin aging and wrinkles, including:
- Sweets and foods with added sugars
- Fast foodand fatty foods
- Processed foods like chips or boxed crackers
- Alcoholic drinks
6. Use Retinol or Retinoids
Retinol and other types of retinoids are derivatives of vitamin A that are beneficial for the skin. Over-the-counter (OTC) retinol creams improve skin’s texture by stimulating skin cell turnover and boosting collagen production. This can reduce the look of fine lines and wrinkles.
Retinoids, which are generally available only by prescription, are powerful and may be irritating to the skin when first using retinoids. Start by testing the product on a small area of skin once per week. Build up use as your skin tolerates. Retinoids make your skin more sensitive to the sun, so be sure to wear sunscreen and a hat when spending time outdoors.
7. Try Vitamin C
Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant proven to improve skin texture. Vitamin C has a protective effect against environmental factors, such as pollution. Try applying a vitamin C serum to your face regularly. It may improve the look of fine lines, wrinkles, and discoloration.
8. Consider Rosehip Oil
Rosehip oil is extracted from the seeds of the wild rose bush. The oil has anti-inflammatory properties and may improve skin redness and inflammation. The antioxidants in rosehip oil may also increase the skin’s collagen production.
You can purchase rosehip oil over the counter. It is applied directly to the skin. Start with a very small amount and ask a dermatologist for recommendations on use.
9. Explore Hyaluronic Acid
Hyaluronic acid is a substance naturally found in your skin, joints, and eyes. The body produces hyaluronic acid, but it is also available as a topical supplement.
Hyaluronic acid hydrates skin by improving water retention. Wrinkles are less visible in well-hydrated skin. Hyaluronic acid is available as a cream or serum and is proven to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
10. Think About a Chemical Peel
A chemical peel is an in-office procedure that involves applying a chemical solution to the skin to remove the top layers. The goals of a chemical peel are to remove dead skin cells and stimulate new cell turnover. It can also boost collagen production in the skin.
A dermatologist or dermatologic surgeon can perform a chemical peel as an outpatient procedure. There are different types of chemical peels, and they vary in intensity and recovery time.
A light chemical peel may take about a week to heal. During this time, your skin is very sensitive to the sun. Ask a dermatologist if a chemical peel may be right for your skin type.
11. Try Microneedling
Microneedling is the process of puncturing the skin with tiny needles to stimulate collagen production. A dermatologist uses needles to make tiny punctures in the facial skin.
Microneedling may improve signs of aging including dark spots, scarring, and wrinkles. Your dermatologist will likely recommend several appointments for you to see results.
12. Consider Microdermabrasion
Microdermabrasion is a minimally invasive procedure to exfoliate and remove the top layer of skin. It can help to even out skin tone and smoothness. After several appointments, you may notice that your skin feels smoother and appears brighter.
Dermatologists perform microdermabrasion with special tools that loosen and remove dead skin cells. Many people notice benefits after the first appointment, but several sessions are usually required. Consult a dermatologist if you are interested in trying microdermabrasion.
13. Think About Laser Hair Removal/Resurfacing
Laser hair removal is a procedure that uses pulses of laser light to remove body hair. Laser resurfacing uses the same technology to remove the top layer of skin and stimulate collagen production. A dermatologist uses pulses of laser light to remove dead skin cells and boost collagen. This procedure is usually not covered by insurance, so talk with your provider about the cost before the appointment.
Reasons Your Skin May Have Texture Troubles
Possible causes of uneven, dry, or irritated skin include:
- Damage from the sun’s UV rays
- Chronic skin conditions such as eczema (a chronic inflammatory skin condition) or psoriasis (an autoimmune skin condition)
- Genetics or family history of skin texture issues
- Dehydration
- A calorie-dense diet that lacks nutrients
- Smoking and alcohol use
- A lack of physical activity
- Exposure to pollution and other chemicals
- Aging and collagen loss
Summary
Skin texture refers to the appearance and feel of your skin. Fortunately, it is possible to improve skin texture with at-home and prescription treatments. Skin care tips include regular exfoliation, moisturizing, and sunscreen. Retinol, vitamin C, and hyaluronic acid products are proven to improve the appearance and feel of skin.
Dermatologist-administered treatments include chemical peels, microneedling, microdermabrasion, and laser resurfacing.See a dermatologist or other healthcare provider to determine which skin texture treatments are safe and effective for your skin type.
